glfw/docs/build.dox

/*!

@page build_guide Building applications

@tableofcontents

This is about compiling and linking applications that use GLFW.  For information on
how to write such applications, start with the
[introductory tutorial](@ref quick_guide).  For information on how to compile
the GLFW library itself, see @ref compile_guide.

This is not a tutorial on compilation or linking.  It assumes basic
understanding of how to compile and link a C program as well as how to use the
specific compiler of your chosen development environment.  The compilation
and linking process should be explained in your C programming material and in
the documentation for your development environment.


@section build_include Including the GLFW header file

You should include the GLFW header in the source files where you use OpenGL or
GLFW.

@code
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
@endcode

This header defines all the constants and declares all the types and function
prototypes of the GLFW API.  By default it also includes the OpenGL header from
your development environment.  See [option macros](@ref build_macros) below for
how to select OpenGL ES headers and more.

The GLFW header also defines any platform-specific macros needed by your OpenGL
header, so that it can be included without needing any window system headers.

It does this only when needed, so if window system headers are included, the
GLFW header does not try to redefine those symbols.  The reverse is not true,
i.e. `windows.h` cannot cope if any Win32 symbols have already been defined.

In other words:

 - Use the GLFW header to include OpenGL or OpenGL ES headers portably
 - Do not include window system headers unless you will use those APIs directly
 - If you do need such headers, include them before the GLFW header

If you are using an OpenGL extension loading library such as
[glad](https://github.com/Dav1dde/glad), the extension loader header should
be included before the GLFW one.  GLFW attempts to detect any OpenGL or OpenGL
ES header or extension loader header included before it and will then disable
the inclusion of the default OpenGL header.  Most extension loaders also define
macros that disable similar headers below it.

@code
#include <glad/gl.h>
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
@endcode

Both of these mechanisms depend on the extension loader header defining a known
macro.  If yours doesn't or you don't know which one your users will pick, the
@ref GLFW_INCLUDE_NONE macro will explicitly to prevent the GLFW header from
including the OpenGL header.  This will also allow you to include the two
headers in any order.

@code
#define GLFW_INCLUDE_NONE
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
#include <glad/gl.h>
@endcode


@subsection build_macros GLFW header option macros

These macros may be defined before the inclusion of the GLFW header and affect
its behavior.

@anchor GLFW_DLL
__GLFW_DLL__ is required on Windows when using the GLFW DLL, to tell the
compiler that the GLFW functions are defined in a DLL.

The following macros control which OpenGL or OpenGL ES API header is included.
Only one of these may be defined at a time.

@note GLFW does not provide any of the API headers mentioned below.  They are
provided by your development environment or your OpenGL, OpenGL ES or Vulkan
SDK, and most of them can be downloaded from the
[Khronos Registry](https://www.khronos.org/registry/).

@anchor GLFW_INCLUDE_GLCOREARB
__GLFW_INCLUDE_GLCOREARB__ makes the GLFW header include the modern
`GL/glcorearb.h` header (`OpenGL/gl3.h` on macOS) instead of the regular OpenGL
header.

@anchor GLFW_INCLUDE_ES1
__GLFW_INCLUDE_ES1__ makes the GLFW header include the OpenGL ES 1.x `GLES/gl.h`
header instead of the regular OpenGL header.

@anchor GLFW_INCLUDE_ES2
__GLFW_INCLUDE_ES2__ makes the GLFW header include the OpenGL ES 2.0
`GLES2/gl2.h` header instead of the regular OpenGL header.

@anchor GLFW_INCLUDE_ES3
__GLFW_INCLUDE_ES3__ makes the GLFW header include the OpenGL ES 3.0
`GLES3/gl3.h` header instead of the regular OpenGL header.

@anchor GLFW_INCLUDE_ES31
__GLFW_INCLUDE_ES31__ makes the GLFW header include the OpenGL ES 3.1
`GLES3/gl31.h` header instead of the regular OpenGL header.

@anchor GLFW_INCLUDE_ES32
__GLFW_INCLUDE_ES32__ makes the GLFW header include the OpenGL ES 3.2
`GLES3/gl32.h` header instead of the regular OpenGL header.

@anchor GLFW_INCLUDE_NONE
__GLFW_INCLUDE_NONE__ makes the GLFW header not include any OpenGL or OpenGL ES
API header.  This is useful in combination with an extension loading library.

If none of the above inclusion macros are defined, the standard OpenGL `GL/gl.h`
header (`OpenGL/gl.h` on macOS) is included, unless GLFW detects the inclusion
guards of any OpenGL, OpenGL ES or extension loader header it knows about.

The following macros control the inclusion of additional API headers.  Any
number of these may be defined simultaneously, and/or together with one of the
above macros.

@anchor GLFW_INCLUDE_VULKAN
__GLFW_INCLUDE_VULKAN__ makes the GLFW header include the Vulkan
`vulkan/vulkan.h` header in addition to any selected OpenGL or OpenGL ES header.

@anchor GLFW_INCLUDE_GLEXT
__GLFW_INCLUDE_GLEXT__ makes the GLFW header include the appropriate extension
header for the OpenGL or OpenGL ES header selected above after and in addition
to that header.

@anchor GLFW_INCLUDE_GLU
__GLFW_INCLUDE_GLU__ makes the header include the GLU header in addition to the
header selected above.  This should only be used with the standard OpenGL header
and only for compatibility with legacy code.  GLU has been deprecated and should
not be used in new code.

@note None of these macros may be defined during the compilation of GLFW itself.
If your build includes GLFW and you define any these in your build files, make
sure they are not applied to the GLFW sources.


@section build_link Link with the right libraries

GLFW is essentially a wrapper of various platform-specific APIs and therefore
needs to link against many different system libraries.  If you are using GLFW as
a shared library / dynamic library / DLL then it takes care of these links.
However, if you are using GLFW as a static library then your executable will
need to link against these libraries.

On Windows and macOS, the list of system libraries is static and can be
hard-coded into your build environment.  See the section for your development
environment below.  On Linux and other Unix-like operating systems, the list
varies but can be retrieved in various ways as described below.

A good general introduction to linking is
[Beginner's Guide to Linkers](https://www.lurklurk.org/linkers/linkers.html) by
David Drysdale.


@subsection build_link_win32 With MinGW or Visual C++ on Windows

The static version of the GLFW library is named `glfw3`.  When using this
version, it is also necessary to link with some libraries that GLFW uses.

When using MinGW to link an application with the static version of GLFW, you
must also explicitly link with `gdi32`. Other toolchains including MinGW-w64
include it in the set of default libraries along with other dependencies like
`user32` and `kernel32`.

The link library for the GLFW DLL is named `glfw3dll`.  When compiling an
application that uses the DLL version of GLFW, you need to define the @ref
GLFW_DLL macro _before_ any inclusion of the GLFW header.  This can be done
either with a compiler switch or by defining it in your source code.


@subsection build_link_cmake_source With CMake and GLFW source

This section is about using CMake to compile and link GLFW along with your
application.  If you want to use an installed binary instead, see @ref
build_link_cmake_package.

With a few changes to your `CMakeLists.txt` you can have the GLFW source tree
built along with your application.

When including GLFW as part of your build, you probably don't want to build the
GLFW tests, examples and documentation.  To disable these, set the corresponding
cache variables before adding the GLFW source tree.

@code
set(GLFW_BUILD_DOCS OFF CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
set(GLFW_BUILD_TESTS OFF CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
set(GLFW_BUILD_EXAMPLES OFF CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
@endcode

Add the root directory of the GLFW source tree to your project.  This will add
the `glfw` target to your project.

@code{.cmake}
add_subdirectory(path/to/glfw)
@endcode

Once GLFW has been added, link your application against the `glfw` target.
This adds the GLFW library and its link-time dependencies as it is currently
configured, the include directory for the GLFW header and, when applicable, the
@ref GLFW_DLL macro.

@code{.cmake}
target_link_libraries(myapp glfw)
@endcode

Note that the `glfw` target does not depend on OpenGL, as GLFW loads any OpenGL,
OpenGL ES or Vulkan libraries it needs at runtime.  If your application calls
OpenGL directly, instead of using a modern
[extension loader library](@ref context_glext_auto), use the OpenGL CMake
package.

@code{.cmake}
find_package(OpenGL REQUIRED)
@endcode

If OpenGL is found, the `OpenGL::GL` target is added to your project, containing
library and include directory paths.  Link against this like any other library.

@code{.cmake}
target_link_libraries(myapp OpenGL::GL)
@endcode

For a minimal example of a program and GLFW sources built with CMake, see the
[GLFW CMake Starter](https://github.com/juliettef/GLFW-CMake-starter) on GitHub.


@subsection build_link_cmake_package With CMake and installed GLFW binaries

This section is about using CMake to link GLFW after it has been built and
installed.  If you want to build it along with your application instead, see
@ref build_link_cmake_source.

With a few changes to your `CMakeLists.txt` you can locate the package and
target files generated when GLFW is installed.

@code{.cmake}
find_package(glfw3 3.3 REQUIRED)
@endcode

Once GLFW has been added to the project, link against it with the `glfw` target.
This adds the GLFW library and its link-time dependencies, the include directory
for the GLFW header and, when applicable, the @ref GLFW_DLL macro.

@code{.cmake}
target_link_libraries(myapp glfw)
@endcode

Note that the `glfw` target does not depend on OpenGL, as GLFW loads any OpenGL,
OpenGL ES or Vulkan libraries it needs at runtime.  If your application calls
OpenGL directly, instead of using a modern
[extension loader library](@ref context_glext_auto), use the OpenGL CMake
package.

@code{.cmake}
find_package(OpenGL REQUIRED)
@endcode

If OpenGL is found, the `OpenGL::GL` target is added to your project, containing
library and include directory paths.  Link against this like any other library.

@code{.cmake}
target_link_libraries(myapp OpenGL::GL)
@endcode


@subsection build_link_pkgconfig With makefiles and pkg-config on Unix

GLFW supports [pkg-config](https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/pkg-config/),
and the `glfw3.pc` pkg-config file is generated when the GLFW library is built
and is installed along with it.  A pkg-config file describes all necessary
compile-time and link-time flags and dependencies needed to use a library.  When
they are updated or if they differ between systems, you will get the correct
ones automatically.

A typical compile and link command-line when using the static version of the
GLFW library may look like this:

@code{.sh}
cc $(pkg-config --cflags glfw3) -o myprog myprog.c $(pkg-config --static --libs glfw3)
@endcode

If you are using the shared version of the GLFW library, omit the `--static`
flag.

@code{.sh}
cc $(pkg-config --cflags glfw3) -o myprog myprog.c $(pkg-config --libs glfw3)
@endcode

You can also use the `glfw3.pc` file without installing it first, by using the
`PKG_CONFIG_PATH` environment variable.

@code{.sh}
env PKG_CONFIG_PATH=path/to/glfw/src cc $(pkg-config --cflags glfw3) -o myprog myprog.c $(pkg-config --libs glfw3)
@endcode

The dependencies do not include OpenGL, as GLFW loads any OpenGL, OpenGL ES or
Vulkan libraries it needs at runtime.  If your application calls OpenGL
directly, instead of using a modern
[extension loader library](@ref context_glext_auto), you should add the `gl`
pkg-config package.

@code{.sh}
cc $(pkg-config --cflags glfw3 gl) -o myprog myprog.c $(pkg-config --libs glfw3 gl)
@endcode


@subsection build_link_xcode With Xcode on macOS

If you are using the dynamic library version of GLFW, add it to the project
dependencies.

If you are using the static library version of GLFW, add it and the Cocoa,
OpenGL and IOKit frameworks to the project as dependencies.  They can all be
found in `/System/Library/Frameworks`.


@subsection build_link_osx With command-line on macOS

It is recommended that you use [pkg-config](@ref build_link_pkgconfig) when
building from the command line on macOS.  That way you will get any new
dependencies added automatically.  If you still wish to build manually, you need
to add the required frameworks and libraries to your command-line yourself using
the `-l` and `-framework` switches.

If you are using the dynamic GLFW library, which is named `libglfw.3.dylib`, do:

@code{.sh}
cc -o myprog myprog.c -lglfw -framework Cocoa -framework OpenGL -framework IOKit
@endcode

If you are using the static library, named `libglfw3.a`, substitute `-lglfw3`
for `-lglfw`.

Note that you do not add the `.framework` extension to a framework when linking
against it from the command-line.

@note Your machine may have `libGL.*.dylib` style OpenGL library, but that is
for the X Window System and will not work with the macOS native version of GLFW.

*/