glfw/docs/compile.dox

/*!

@page compile_guide Compiling GLFW

@tableofcontents

This is about compiling the GLFW library itself.  For information on how to
build applications that use GLFW, see @ref build_guide.


@section compile_cmake Using CMake

GLFW behaves like most other libraries that use CMake so this guide mostly
describes the standard configure, generate and compile sequence.  If you are already
familiar with this from other projects, you may want to focus on the @ref
compile_deps and @ref compile_options sections for GLFW-specific information.

GLFW uses [CMake](https://cmake.org/) to generate project files or makefiles
for your chosen development environment.  To compile GLFW, first generate these
files with CMake and then use them to compile the GLFW library. 

If you are on Windows and macOS you can
[download CMake](https://cmake.org/download/) from their site.

If you are on a Unix-like system such as Linux, FreeBSD or Cygwin or have
a package system like Fink, MacPorts or Homebrew, you can install its CMake
package.

CMake is a complex tool and this guide will only show a few of the possible ways
to set up and compile GLFW.  The CMake project has their own much more detailed
[CMake user guide](https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/guide/user-interaction/)
that includes everything in this guide not specific to GLFW.  It may be a useful
companion to this one.


@subsection compile_deps Installing dependencies

The C/C++ development environments in Visual Studio, Xcode and MinGW come with
all necessary dependencies for compiling GLFW, but on Unix-like systems like
Linux and FreeBSD you will need a few extra packages.


@subsubsection compile_deps_x11 Dependencies for X11

To compile GLFW for X11, you need to have the X11 development packages
installed.  They are not needed to build or run programs that use GLFW.

On Debian and derivates like Ubuntu and Linux Mint the `xorg-dev` meta-package
pulls in the development packages for all of X11.

@code{.sh}
sudo apt install xorg-dev
@endcode

On Fedora and derivatives like Red Hat the X11 extension packages
`libXcursor-devel`, `libXi-devel`, `libXinerama-devel` and `libXrandr-devel`
required by GLFW pull in all its other dependencies.

@code{.sh}
sudo dnf install libXcursor-devel libXi-devel libXinerama-devel libXrandr-devel
@endcode

On FreeBSD the X11 headers are installed along the end-user X11 packages, so if
you have an X server running you should have the headers as well.  If not,
install the `xorgproto` package.

@code{.sh}
pkg install xorgproto
@endcode

On Cygwin the `xorgproto` package in the Devel section of the GUI installer will
install the headers and other development related files for all of X11.

Once you have the required dependencies, move on to @ref compile_generate.


@subsubsection compile_deps_wayland Dependencies for Wayland and X11

To compile GLFW for both Wayland and X11, you need to have the X11, Wayland and xkbcommon
development packages installed.  They are not needed to build or run programs that use
GLFW.  You will also need to set the @ref GLFW_BUILD_WAYLAND CMake option in the next
step when generating build files.

On Debian and derivates like Ubuntu and Linux Mint you will need the `libwayland-dev`,
`libxkbcommon-dev` and `wayland-protocols` packages and the `xorg-dev` meta-package.
These will pull in all other dependencies.

@code{.sh}
sudo apt install libwayland-dev libxkbcommon-dev wayland-protocols xorg-dev
@endcode

On Fedora and derivatives like Red Hat you will need the `wayland-devel`,
`libxkbcommon-devel`, `wayland-protocols-devel`, `libXcursor-devel`, `libXi-devel`,
`libXinerama-devel` and `libXrandr-devel` packages.  These will pull in all other
dependencies.

@code{.sh}
sudo dnf install wayland-devel libxkbcommon-devel wayland-protocols-devel libXcursor-devel libXi-devel libXinerama-devel libXrandr-devel
@endcode

On FreeBSD you will need the `wayland`, `libxkbcommon` and `wayland-protocols` packages.
The X11 headers are installed along the end-user X11 packages, so if you have an X server
running you should have the headers as well.  If not, install the `xorgproto` package.

@code{.sh}
pkg install wayland libxkbcommon wayland-protocols xorgproto
@endcode

Once you have the required dependencies, move on to @ref compile_generate.


@subsection compile_generate Generating build files with CMake

Once you have all necessary dependencies it is time to generate the project
files or makefiles for your development environment.  CMake needs two paths for
this:

 - the path to the root directory of the GLFW source tree (not its `src`
   subdirectory)
 - the path to the directory where the generated build files and compiled
   binaries will be placed

If these are the same, it is called an in-tree build, otherwise it is called an
out-of-tree build.

Out-of-tree builds are recommended as they avoid cluttering up the source tree.
They also allow you to have several build directories for different
configurations all using the same source tree.

A common pattern when building a single configuration is to have a build
directory named `build` in the root of the source tree.


@subsubsection compile_generate_gui Generating with the CMake GUI

Start the CMake GUI and set the paths to the source and build directories
described above.  Then press _Configure_ and _Generate_.

If you wish change any CMake variables in the list, press _Configure_ and then
_Generate_ to have the new values take effect.  The variable list will be
populated after the first configure step.

By default GLFW will use X11 on Linux and other Unix-like systems other than macOS.  To
include support for Wayland as well, set the @ref GLFW_BUILD_WAYLAND option in the GLFW
section of the variable list, then apply the new value as described above.

Once you have generated the project files or makefiles for your chosen
development environment, move on to @ref compile_compile.


@subsubsection compile_generate_cli Generating with command-line CMake

To make a build directory, pass the source and build directories to the `cmake`
command.  These can be relative or absolute paths.  The build directory is
created if it doesn't already exist.

@code{.sh}
cmake -S path/to/glfw -B path/to/build
@endcode

It is common to name the build directory `build` and place it in the root of the
source tree when only planning to build a single configuration.

@code{.sh}
cd path/to/glfw
cmake -S . -B build
@endcode

Without other flags these will generate Visual Studio project files on Windows
and makefiles on other platforms.  You can choose other targets using the `-G`
flag.

@code{.sh}
cmake -S path/to/glfw -B path/to/build -G Xcode
@endcode

By default GLFW will use X11 on Linux and other Unix-like systems other
than macOS.  To also include support for Wayland, set the @ref GLFW_BUILD_WAYLAND CMake
option.

@code{.sh}
cmake -S path/to/glfw -B path/to/build -D GLFW_BUILD_WAYLAND=1
@endcode

Once you have generated the project files or makefiles for your chosen
development environment, move on to @ref compile_compile.


@subsection compile_compile Compiling the library

You should now have all required dependencies and the project files or makefiles
necessary to compile GLFW.  Go ahead and compile the actual GLFW library with
these files as you would with any other project.

With Visual Studio open `GLFW.sln` and use the Build menu.  With Xcode open
`GLFW.xcodeproj` and use the Project menu.

With Linux, macOS and other forms of Unix, run `make`.

@code{.sh}
cd path/to/build
make
@endcode

With MinGW, it is `mingw32-make`.

@code{.sh}
cd path/to/build
mingw32-make
@endcode

Any CMake build directory can also be built with the `cmake` command and the
`--build` flag.

@code{.sh}
cmake --build path/to/build
@endcode

This will run the platform specific build tool the directory was generated for.

Once the GLFW library is compiled you are ready to build your application,
linking it to the GLFW library.  See @ref build_guide for more information.


@section compile_options CMake options

The CMake files for GLFW provide a number of options, although not all are
available on all supported platforms.  Some of these are de facto standards
among projects using CMake and so have no `GLFW_` prefix.

If you are using the GUI version of CMake, these are listed and can be changed
from there.  If you are using the command-line version of CMake you can use the
`ccmake` ncurses GUI to set options.  Some package systems like Ubuntu and other
distributions based on Debian GNU/Linux have this tool in a separate
`cmake-curses-gui` package.

Finally, if you don't want to use any GUI, you can set options from the `cmake`
command-line with the `-D` flag.

@code{.sh}
cmake -S path/to/glfw -B path/to/build -D BUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON
@endcode


@subsection compile_options_shared Shared CMake options

@anchor BUILD_SHARED_LIBS
__BUILD_SHARED_LIBS__ determines whether GLFW is built as a static library or as
a DLL / shared library / dynamic library.  This is disabled by default,
producing a static GLFW library.  This variable has no `GLFW_` prefix because it
is defined by CMake.  If you want to change the library only for GLFW when it is
part of a larger project, see @ref GLFW_LIBRARY_TYPE.

@anchor GLFW_LIBRARY_TYPE
__GLFW_LIBRARY_TYPE__ allows you to override @ref BUILD_SHARED_LIBS only for
GLFW, without affecting other libraries in a larger project.  When set, the
value of this option must be a valid CMake library type.  Set it to `STATIC` to
build GLFW as a static library, `SHARED` to build it as a shared library
/ dynamic library / DLL, or `OBJECT` to make GLFW a CMake object library.

@anchor GLFW_BUILD_EXAMPLES
__GLFW_BUILD_EXAMPLES__ determines whether the GLFW examples are built
along with the library.  This is enabled by default unless GLFW is being built
as a sub-project of a larger CMake project.

@anchor GLFW_BUILD_TESTS
__GLFW_BUILD_TESTS__ determines whether the GLFW test programs are
built along with the library.  This is enabled by default unless GLFW is being
built as a sub-project of a larger CMake project.

@anchor GLFW_BUILD_DOCS
__GLFW_BUILD_DOCS__ determines whether the GLFW documentation is built along
with the library.  This is enabled by default if
[Doxygen](https://www.doxygen.nl/) is found by CMake during configuration.


@subsection compile_options_win32 Win32 specific CMake options

@anchor GLFW_BUILD_WIN32
__GLFW_BUILD_WIN32__ determines whether to include support for Win32 when compiling the
library.  This option is only available when compiling for Windows.  This is enabled by
default.

@anchor USE_MSVC_RUNTIME_LIBRARY_DLL
__USE_MSVC_RUNTIME_LIBRARY_DLL__ determines whether to use the DLL version or the
static library version of the Visual C++ runtime library.  When enabled, the
DLL version of the Visual C++ library is used.  This is enabled by default.

On CMake 3.15 and later you can set the standard CMake
[CMAKE_MSVC_RUNTIME_LIBRARY](https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/variable/CMAKE_MSVC_RUNTIME_LIBRARY.html)
variable instead of this GLFW-specific option.

@anchor GLFW_USE_HYBRID_HPG
__GLFW_USE_HYBRID_HPG__ determines whether to export the `NvOptimusEnablement` and
`AmdPowerXpressRequestHighPerformance` symbols, which force the use of the
high-performance GPU on Nvidia Optimus and AMD PowerXpress systems.  These symbols
need to be exported by the EXE to be detected by the driver, so the override
will not work if GLFW is built as a DLL.  This is disabled by default, letting
the operating system and driver decide.


@subsection compile_options_macos macOS specific CMake options

@anchor GLFW_BUILD_COCOA
__GLFW_BUILD_COCOA__ determines whether to include support for Cocoa when compiling the
library.  This option is only available when compiling for macOS.  This is enabled by
default.


@subsection compile_options_unix Unix-like system specific CMake options

@anchor GLFW_BUILD_WAYLAND
__GLFW_BUILD_WAYLAND__ determines whether to include support for Wayland when compiling
the library.  This option is only available when compiling for Linux and other Unix-like
systems other than macOS.  This is disabled by default.

@anchor GLFW_BUILD_X11
__GLFW_BUILD_X11__ determines whether to include support for X11 when compiling the
library.  This option is only available when compiling for Linux and other Unix-like
systems other than macOS.  This is enabled by default.


@section compile_mingw_cross Cross-compilation with CMake and MinGW

Both Cygwin and many Linux distributions have MinGW or MinGW-w64 packages.  For
example, Cygwin has the `mingw64-i686-gcc` and `mingw64-x86_64-gcc` packages
for 32- and 64-bit version of MinGW-w64, while Debian GNU/Linux and derivatives
like Ubuntu have the `mingw-w64` package for both.

GLFW has CMake toolchain files in the `CMake` subdirectory that set up
cross-compilation of Windows binaries.  To use these files you set the
`CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE` CMake variable with the `-D` flag add an option when
configuring and generating the build files.

@code{.sh}
cmake -S path/to/glfw -B path/to/build -D CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=path/to/file
@endcode

The exact toolchain file to use depends on the prefix used by the MinGW or
MinGW-w64 binaries on your system.  You can usually see this in the /usr
directory.  For example, both the Ubuntu and Cygwin MinGW-w64 packages have
`/usr/x86_64-w64-mingw32` for the 64-bit compilers, so the correct invocation
would be:

@code{.sh}
cmake -S path/to/glfw -B path/to/build -D CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=CMake/x86_64-w64-mingw32.cmake
@endcode

The path to the toolchain file is relative to the path to the GLFW source tree
passed to the `-S` flag, not to the current directory.

For more details see the
[CMake toolchain guide](https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/manual/cmake-toolchains.7.html).


@section compile_manual Compiling GLFW manually

If you wish to compile GLFW without its CMake build environment then you will have to do
at least some of the platform detection yourself.  There are preprocessor macros for
enabling support for the platforms (window systems) available.  There are also optional,
platform-specific macros for various features.

When building, GLFW will expect the necessary configuration macros to be defined
on the command-line.  The GLFW CMake files set these as private compile
definitions on the GLFW target but if you compile the GLFW sources manually you
will need to define them yourself.

The window system is used to create windows, handle input, monitors, gamma ramps and
clipboard.  The options are:

 - @b _GLFW_COCOA to use the Cocoa frameworks
 - @b _GLFW_WIN32 to use the Win32 API
 - @b _GLFW_X11 to use the X Window System
 - @b _GLFW_WAYLAND to use the Wayland API (incomplete)

The @b _GLFW_WAYLAND and @b _GLFW_X11 macros may be combined and produces a library that
attempts to detect the appropriate platform at initialization.

If you are building GLFW as a shared library / dynamic library / DLL then you
must also define @b _GLFW_BUILD_DLL.  Otherwise, you must not define it.

If you are using a custom name for the Vulkan, EGL, GLX, OSMesa, OpenGL, GLESv1
or GLESv2 library, you can override the default names by defining those you need
of @b _GLFW_VULKAN_LIBRARY, @b _GLFW_EGL_LIBRARY, @b _GLFW_GLX_LIBRARY, @b
_GLFW_OSMESA_LIBRARY, @b _GLFW_OPENGL_LIBRARY, @b _GLFW_GLESV1_LIBRARY and @b
_GLFW_GLESV2_LIBRARY.  Otherwise, GLFW will use the built-in default names.

@note None of the @ref build_macros may be defined during the compilation of
GLFW.  If you define any of these in your build files, make sure they are not
applied to the GLFW sources.

*/